1. What are the Basics of Finish Carpentry?
2. What are the Basics of Finishing Interior Walls?
3. What are the Basics of Trim Carpentry?
4. What Should I Know about Woodworking Tools and Methods?
5. What Public Domain Documents are Available for Further Study?
6. Tricks of the Trade & Rules of Thumb for Finish
Carpentry Basics:
The linked section of the US Army Carpentry Field Manual for Finish Carpentry shows many useful techniques.
The linked section of US Navy Builder Course for Finishing Interior Walls provides helpful details.
The linked section of US Navy Builder Course for Trim Carpentry covers many situations.
The linked section of US Navy Builder Course for Woodworking Tools and Methods shows practical details.
The US Department of Army Carpentry Field Manual does a great job explaining carpentry basics. It's 223 pages of basic explanations and instructions of how to do the work. If you are somewhat new to construction, take some time and review this excellent resource. The official name is US Army FM 5-426.
The US Navy Builder courses show you the basics of construction. The 332 page Volume 1 NAVEDTRA 14043 illustrates plans, woodworking, concrete, masonry, rigging and lots of other helpful information. The 354 page Volume 2 NAVEDTRA 14044 shows all the basics of carpentry and interior finishes.
Another great all around resource regarding wood products and their uses is the 486 page, USDA Wood Handbook.